Apple Fusion Drive
Apple uses a Wikipedia:RAID alternative called CoreStorage to merge the SSD and HDD into a single logical volume (sold as Fusion). We need to remove this volume, so we can reinstall OS X to the HDD without using the SSD.
Boot into recovery
The iMacs that come with Fusion also come with a rescue partition that runs itself from RAM (a virtual disk2). This will allow you to play with the HDD and SDD without problems caused by mounted disks. Power on your iMac, holding down Command+R to enter the recovery environment.
When the recovery has started, start a terminal (in the Utilities menu).
Destroy CoreStorage and prepare new volumes
Find the CoreStorage 'Logical volume group' ID, and take note of the SSD and larger disk (disk0 & 1)
diskutil cs list
Remove the CoreStorage volume
diskutil cs delete <VOLUMEID>
Sometimes you need to unmount a volume or try the above command twice for OS X to actually run it successfuly.
Zero the SSD (if you specify the correct disk this takes around 5 minutes) This will remove everything, including the partition table, so OS X does not see the disk and will not try to use it during installation.
diskutil zeroDisk disk1
Erase the HDD (this is faster then zeroDisk plus it creates a new HFS+ volume for OSx)
diskutil eraseDisk JHFS+ Macintosh disk0
Install OS X on the HDD
Quit the terminal and start the OS X installer. Do not use the GUI-based Disk Utility at this point, it will show your disks as errored (red) and will want to fix them for you. This will actually screw things up as it will recreate the CoreStorage volume (even if you choose not to 'fix' anything). The OS X installer should show you 1 disk; which is the created Journaled HFS+ volume on the HDD.
Proceed by installing a fresh OS X version on the HDD. You can play around in OS X, for example use the Disk Utility to resize the OS X partition so you can allocate some space for Linux to use besides the SSD. Now boot the Arch Linux USB stick by holding the Option key while booting your iMac (you might need to use an Apple keyboard for this to work). This will show you a boot menu where you can select the USB drive for booting.
Proceed installing Arch Linux
Installing Arch Linux requires no special tricks; follow the Installation guide; mount /dev/sda1 (the first partition of the HDD is the UEFI partition) on /boot/efi; install grub-efi-x86_64 and you should be good to go! Since you will be installing on the solid state drive, use parted and created aligned partitions. I use this scheme:
Model: ATA APPLE SSD SM128E (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 121332826112B Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1048576B 16383999999B 16382951424B linux-swap(v1) 2 16384000000B 121331777535B 104947777536B ext4
Also, to use the internal network card you will need at least kernel 3.9! I use a Thunderbolt cable (which works in kernel 3.7+) to download the latest 3.9-rc
When rebooting, hold Option to show the internal bootloader so you can select your new install. To change the default boot option to Arch Linux, you need to 'bless' the earlier created UEFI file. It is best to rename the created EFI/arch_grub/grubx64_standalone.efi to EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI, then run the following command from Mac OS X, after mounting the EFI partition:
# bless --device=/dev/disk1s2 --file=/Volumes/EFI/efi/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI --setBoot
Make sure you specify a partition on the SSD as --device! Otherwise OS X will boot EFI from the partition, but GRUB will not find the SSD (where the actual install is) and you will end up in rescue mode.