RabbitMQ

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RabbitMQ is a messaging broker, an intermediary for messaging. It gives your applications a common platform to send and receive messages, and your messages a safe place to live until received.

Installation

Install the rabbitmq package.

Configuration

No configuration should be needed. Simply start and/or enable rabbitmq.service.

Default configuration file location /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf. See more about configuration on the official docs

Enabling MQTT

RabbitMQ can act as MQTT server. For this functionality to work following plugin needs to be enabled:

# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_mqtt

RabbitMQ service needs to be restarted for this change to take effect.

Clients need to authenticate before they can post to topics. RabbitMQ segregates traffic via virtual hosts, you need to issue `your_user_name:configured_vhost_name` as user name in order to authenticate.

Enabling HTTP admin

To enable the HTTP admin page:

# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

Then navigate to <ip_address_of_host>:15672. Default credentials are username:guest password:guest

To allow remote machines to connect to the HTTP admin page edit/create /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config:

[{rabbit, [{loopback_users, []}]}].

Troubleshooting

Service stop hangs for a minutes

Rabbitmq package install epmd (Erlang Port Mapping Daemons) as dependency. If you run rabbitmq server via systemd, it will start detached epmd process, that will not be stopped with systemctl stop. You can avoid this, if add After=epmd.service in [Unit] section. Do not forget to reload daemons.

Changed hostname

If you have changed your hostname after you installed rabbitmq, it will no longer be able to start. This is due to the NODENAME specified in /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf. Update it to reflect your new hostname, for example:

/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf

NODENAME=rabbit@my-new-hostname
...

Upgraded RabbitMQ to latest version and cannot start

This might cause your /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf to get the wrong NODENAME. For example, it might cause it to add another @hostname part. In any case, this can be fixed by following #Changed hostname.

Erlang cookie error

Failure to authenticate might be caused by a wrong rabbitmq HOME setting:

Authentication failed (rejected by the remote node), please check the Erlang cookie
...
home dir: /root

Home can be set in the configuration file:

/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf

...
HOME=/var/lib/rabbitmq
...

can't establish TCP connection

If you see this error then make sure first entry with your host name within /etc/hosts contains the same IP address as specified within /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf (this error is common if you configure rabbitmq to bind to specific interface).

Can't connect with pika Python client through localhost

Trying to connect through localhost with pika Python client, raises an exception:

...
pika.exceptions.ProbableAccessDeniedError: (541, "INTERNAL_ERROR - access to vhost '/' refused for user 'guest': vhost '/' is down")

Default configuration file /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf of the package is:

/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf

NODENAME=rabbit@localhost
NODE_IP_ADDRESS=0.0.0.0
NODE_PORT=5672

Removing the username part of NODENAME, and leaving the hostname of the machine (which should match the one shown in /etc/hosts), fixes the issue:

/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf

NODENAME=localhost
NODE_IP_ADDRESS=0.0.0.0
NODE_PORT=5672