LXDE (简体中文)

摘自 LXDE.org | LXDE官方主页:

The "Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment" is an extremely fast-performing and energy-saving desktop environment. Maintained by an international community of developers, it comes with a beautiful interface, multi-language support, standard keyboard short cuts and additional features like tabbed file browsing. LXDE uses less CPU and less RAM than other environments. It is especially designed for cloud computers with low hardware specifications, such as, netbooks, mobile devices (e.g. MIDs) or older comput

安装

使用LXDE最少需要安装 lxde-common, lxsession, openbox(或者其他窗口管理器）。lxde包含完整的桌面。

GTK+ 3 版本

你可以安装 lxde-gtk3 软件包组来试用这个尚在实验阶段的版本.

它几乎可以正常工作，但是可能会有一些问题，包括： gpicview, lxappearance-obconf, lxlauncher 和 lxpanel.

运行 LXDE

显示管理器

LXDM是LXDE的默认显示管理器，并作为lxde组的一部分。另请参见Display manager。

命令行

使用 "startx"，你需要在你的xinitrc文件最后添加

~/.xinitrc

exec startlxde

另见Start X at login

小提示

应用程序配置项

The application menu works by resolving the .desktop files located in /usr/share/applications/ and ~/.local/share/applications/. To add or edit a menu item, see desktop entries. Third party menu editors can be found in the AUR (e.g. lxmed^AUR). There also official ones like alacarte (gnome), mozo (mate) , etc..

程序自动开启

Applications can be automatically started in a couple of ways:

• With .desktop files

LXDE implements XDG Autostart.

• Via LXsession

Each line in ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart represents a command to be executed. If a line starts with @, and the command following it crashes, the command is automatically re-executed. For example:

~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart

@lxterminal
@leafpad

注意： These commands do not end with a "&" symbol.

There is also a global autostart file at /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart.

注意： If both files are present, LXsession only executes the local file as of v0.4.9

鼠标键盘动作

Mouse and key bindings (i.e. keyboard shortcuts) are implemented with Openbox. LXDE users should follow the Openbox wiki to edit ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml.

An optional GUI for editing the key bindings is provided by the obkey^AUR package. Whle it edits rc.xml by default, you can direct it to the LXDE configuration as follows:

$ obkey ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml

See [1] for more information.

光标

lxappearance is a graphical tool to set GTK look and feel, including the cursor theme. Settings configured with LXAppearance are written to ~/.gtkrc-2.0, ~/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini and ~/.icons/default/index.theme. See also Cursor themes.

任务栏时间

You can right click on the digital clock applet on the panel and set how it displays the current time using the strftime format. See strftime(3) for details.

字体设置

lxappearance-obconf configures Openbox settings. See also Font configuration.

键盘布局

lxpanel includes a keyboard layout applet. See Keyboard configuration in Xorg for generic instructions and #Autostart to automatically start setxkbmap in LXDE.

锁屏

LXDE does not come with a screen locker of its own. See List of applications/Security#Screen lockers and #Autostart on how to start them.

The Screen Lock icon executes a script (located at /usr/bin/lxlock) which searches for a number of well known screen lockers and uses the first one it finds to lock the screen. See lxlock on GitHub.

/etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart (from the lxde-common package) lists XScreenSaver which will be launched automatically.

See DPMS on how to control the screen saver without external programs.

LXPanel中的图标

Default icons used by LXpanel are stored in /usr/share/pixmaps/ and any custom icons should be saved there as well.

To change default icons for applications, see Desktop entries#Icons.

LXPanel中的菜单

The panel's menus can be configured in /etc/xdg/menus/lxde-applications.menu as per the xdg-menu format to work with applications from other sessions (notably MATE) to add some of the function-ability that LXDE lacks.

使用另外的窗口管理器

LXsession uses the window manager defined in ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/desktop.conf (Openbox by default). If this file does not exist, it searches in /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/desktop.conf instead.

Replace openbox-lxde in either file with a window manager of your choice:

For metacity:

window_manager=metacity

For compiz:

window_manager=compiz

Alternatively use WM --replace as defined in #Autostart, where WM is the name of the window manager executable being started. This means that openbox will be started first on each login and will then immediately be replaced. Note that Openbox and LXDE do not share the same rc.xml and keyboard shortcuts may differ. See xbindkeys.

使用多个窗口管理器

LXDE doesnt enable compositing by default that leads to screen tearing problem. If you not okay with this, you can sacrifice a little bit more resources to enable window compositing either by installing compositing manager or you can also subtitute lxde with another window manager that support compositing.

Troubleshooting

一些程序不能运行

Recent shift of LXDE to gtk3 introduce some bugs that may cause segmentation fault and preventing application to start (most notably the customize look and fell settings or known as lxappearance). Until this problem fully fixed, you can try using JWM to bypass gtk3 segfault:

• install JWM

$ sudo pacman -S jwm

• subtitute LXDE with jwm, open terminal and run:

$ jwm

• this may cause a little glitch but now you should be able to open segfault app normally
• after you are done, relogin to refresh LXDE desktop

NTFS with Chinese characters

For a storage device with an NTFS filesystem, you will need to install the NTFS-3G package. Generally, PCManFM works well with NTFS filesystems, however there is one bug affecting NTFS users that if you have files or directories on an NTFS filesystem, the names of which contain non-latin characters (e.g. Chinese characters) may disappear when opening (or auto-mounting) the NTFS volume. This happens because the lxsession mount-helper is not correctly parsing the policies and locale options. There is a workaround for this:

Create a new /usr/local/bin/mount.ntfs-3g with a new Bash script containing:

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/ntfs-3g $1 $2 -o locale=en_US.UTF-8

And then make it executable:

# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/mount.ntfs-3g

LXPanel crashes

With some GTK themes, launching lxpanel will lead to the following error:

lxpanel: cairo-scaled-font.c:459: _cairo_scaled_glyph_page_destroy: Assertion `!scaled_font->cache_frozen' failed.

In this case install ttf-dejavu.

If lxpanel crashes when browsing particular unicode web pages, install ttf-droid.

LXPanel Task Bar icon size

The icons of running applications do not match the set Icon size in Panel Settings > Geometry but are 4px smaller which makes some of them blurry. To have clear looking 32px icons in the Task Bar the set Icon size has to be 36px which would blur the icons of the rest of your active Panel Applets. To get around this create additional panel(s) and have them collectively make a single continuous looking panel by adjusting the Alignment and Margin in Panel Settings > Geometry.

Fake transparency in LXTerminal

The latest version of VTE terminal widget library requires a compositing window manager for background transparency. The unmaintained, legacy GTK 2 version of VTE has fake transparency, where the desktop background image will show through the terminal. It you prefer fake transparency, the GTK 2 version of LXTerminal can be installed with the lxterminal-gtk2^AUR package.

光标太小

高分辨率屏显示光标过小，可以在Gnome-look里找有36px或48px的光标主题文件并下载，之后在自定义外观里的光标下安装并选择使用。

相关资源

• LXDE项目
• 最新组件
• PCMan文件管理器