Readline (简体中文)

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• Bash (简体中文)

Readline is a library by the GNU Project, used by Bash and other CLI-interface programs to edit and interact with the command line. Before reading this page please refer to the library home page as only subtle configuration will be introduced here.

Command-line editing

By default Readline uses Emacs style shortcuts for interacting with command line. However, vi style editing interface is also supported. If you are a vi or vim user, you may want to put the following line to your ~/.inputrc to enable vi-like keybindings:

set -o vi

You may find either vi or emacs cheat sheets useful.

历史

通常，无论你输入了什么，按向上箭头就会出现上一次输入的命令。然而，许多用户觉得只显示以刚刚输入的内容为开头的命令更为实际。

例如，假设输入了以下命令：

• ls /usr/src/linux-2.6.15-ARCH/kernel/power/Kconfig
• who
• mount
• man mount

通常，当输入 ls 并按向上箭头，你的输入就会被替换为 man mount。如果你使用了搜索历史功能，那么只有过去以 ls（当前输入的）开头的命令会被显示，在这里就是 ls /usr/src/linux-2.6.15-ARCH/kernel/power/Kconfig。

把以下内容加入到 /etc/inputrc 或者 ~/.inputrc可以启动这个模式：

"\e[A":history-search-backward
"\e[B":history-search-forward

如果你在使用 vi 模式，添加下面几行到 ~/.inputrc (来自 这个帖子):

set editing-mode vi
$if mode=vi
set keymap vi-command
# these are for vi-command mode
"\e[A": history-search-backward
"\e[B": history-search-forward
set keymap vi-insert
# these are for vi-insert mode
"\e[A": history-search-backward
"\e[B": history-search-forward
$endif

If you chose to add these lines to ~/.inputrc, it is recommended that you also add the following line at the beginning of this file to avoid strange things like this:

$include /etc/inputrc

Alternatively, one can use reverse-search-history (incremental search) by pressing Ctrl+R, which does not search based on previous input but instead jumps backwards in the history buffer as commands are typed in a search term. Pressing Ctrl+R again during this mode will display the previous line in the buffer that matches the current search term, while pressing Ctrl+G (abort) will cancel the search and restore the current input line. So in order to search through all previous mount commands, press Ctrl+R, type 'mount' and keep pressing Ctrl+R until the desired line is found.

The forward equivalent to this mode is called forward-search-history and is bound to Ctrl+S by default. Beware that most terminals override Ctrl+S to suspend execution until Ctrl+Q is entered. (This is called XON/XOFF flow control). For activating forward-search-history, either disable flow control by issuing:

$ stty -ixon

or use a different key in inputrc. For example, to use Alt+S which is not bound by default:

"\es":forward-search-history

History search

Avoid duplicates

If you repeat the same command several times, they will all be appended in your history. To prevent this, add to your ~/.bashrc:

export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

Avoid whitespaces

To disable logging blank commands add this to your ~/.bashrc:

export HISTCONTROL=ignorespace

If your ~/.bashrc already contains

export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

replace it with

export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

Macros

Readline also supports binding keys to keyboard macros. For simple example, run this command in Bash:

bind '"\ew":"\C-e # macro"'

or add the part within single quotes to inputrc:

"\ew":"\C-e # macro"

Now type a line and press Alt+W. Readline will act as though Ctrl+E (end-of-line) had been pressed, appended with ' # macro'.

Use any of the existing keybindings within a readline macro, which can be quite useful to automate frequently used idioms. For example, this one makes Ctrl+Alt+L append "| less" to the line and run it (Ctrl+M is equivalent to Enter:

"\e\C-l":"\C-e | less\C-m"

The next one prefixes the line with 'yes |' when pressing Ctrl+Alt+Y, confirming any yes/no question the command might ask:

"\e\C-y":"\C-ayes | \C-m"

This example wraps the line in su -c '', if Alt+S is pressed:

"\es":"\C-a su -c '\C-e'\C-m"

As a last example, quickly send a command in the background with Ctrl+Alt+B, discarding all of its output:

"\e\C-b":"\C-e > /dev/null 2>&1 &\C-m"

Tips and tricks

Disabling control echo

Due to an update to readline, the terminal now echoes ^C after Ctrl+C is pressed. For users who wish to disable this, simply add the following to ~/.inputrc:

set echo-control-characters off